High mountain oolong

Where it grows

The districts recorded against this tea, all of them in Taiwan. Elevation is given as the band the district is recorded at, not a measurement of the garden this leaf came from.

• Alishan — 1000–1600 metres

  How firm this is: Inferred from general knowledge of the district rather than measured or taken from a source that states it.

• Shan Lin Xi — 1200–1800 metres

  How firm this is: Inferred from general knowledge of the district rather than measured or taken from a source that states it.

• Shizhuo — 1200–1700 metres

  How firm this is: Inferred from general knowledge of the district rather than measured or taken from a source that states it. Gardens sold as Alishan run from well under a thousand metres to well over 1,600; this band is the part the name is normally understood to describe.

The plants it is made from

Cultivar is the level below the variety group: a named selection of the tea plant, propagated as clones from one parent. Most consumer writing stops at the country and the category, which leaves out the layer that decides how the leaf behaves before anyone picks it.

• Qing Xin — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis

  Low yield and weak disease resistance, against a thick, sweet, gardenia-scented cup with a marked cooling finish. Almost all Alishan, Li Shan and Da Yu Ling tea is Qing Xin.

How it is made, in order

Read top to bottom: the list is the production sequence, and the sequence is what makes this tea its category rather than a neighbouring one. The same leaf from the same bush becomes a green tea or a black tea depending on where the heat falls relative to the bruising, so reordering these steps would not vary the tea — it would produce a different one.

1. 1. Withering — Reduces water content, softens the leaf for later handling, and permits early enzymatic and aromatic development.
2. 2. Bruising (shaking) — Ruptures cells selectively at the leaf margin, initiating localised enzymatic oxidation while the leaf centre remains unoxidised.
3. 3. Kill-green (fixation) — Denatures polyphenol oxidase and related enzymes, arresting enzymatic oxidation.
4. 4. Rolling and shaping — Ruptures cell walls to expose leaf juices, and forms the leaf into the shape it will hold through drying and storage.
5. 5. Drying — Reduces residual moisture to a level at which enzymatic, microbial and oxidative change effectively stops, stabilising the leaf for storage.

The route it is made by

The steps above are what happens; this is the named production route they belong to, with the other teas made the same way.

• Light rolled oolong — The longest route in tea by elapsed time, in which the leaf is bruised at its edges, rested, bruised again, and only fixed once the maker judges by smell that it is ready.

  Where it is practised: Anxi in Fujian and the Taiwanese high-mountain districts, with the two traditions now converging on very similar equipment and diverging on cultivar and on how far the oxidation is taken.

What its chemistry turns on

Every true tea contains caffeine, catechins and amino acids, so listing them would say nothing about this one. What differs is what the processing above does to them — and that is the same list of steps, read for its chemistry instead of its craft.

• Withering
  • creates Geraniol
  • creates Linalool
  • creates Linalool oxides
  • creates Theasinensins
  • raises Methyl salicylate
  • raises Nerolidol
  • raises Soluble sugars
  • lowers cis-3-Hexenol
  • lowers Green-leaf volatiles
  • lowers Leaf lipids
• Bruising (shaking)
  • converts Leaf lipids
  • creates Theasinensins
  • raises Indole
  • raises Jasmine lactone
  • raises Linalool
  • raises Nerolidol
• Kill-green (fixation)
  • locks 2-Phenylethanol
  • locks Anthocyanins
  • locks Catechins
  • locks cis-3-Hexenol
  • locks Green-leaf volatiles
  • locks L-theanine
  • locks Leaf lipids
  • locks Methylated catechins
  • locks Theogallin
• Rolling and shaping
  • converts Leaf lipids
  • creates Theaflavins
  • raises Pectins
• Drying
  • creates Strecker aldehydes
  • raises Beta-damascenone
  • raises Thearubigins

These are statements about the leaf and the cup. What any of these compounds does in a body is a different kind of question and is not answered here or on the pages linked from it.

History

High-mountain planting above 1,000 metres began in Taiwan in the 1970s and 1980s as lowland land became too valuable and too warm. The whole gaoshan category is therefore about fifty years old, which surprises people who assume it is traditional.

TeaHQ synthesis — TeaHQ's own reading of well-attested general knowledge, with no single source behind it.

Brewing

• Gongfu brewing (gaiwan)

  5–7 g/100 ml · 90–95 °C · 7 authored infusions

  Needs: Gaiwan

  Open in the brew assistant

• Cold brew tea

  1–2 g/100 ml · 4–10 °C · 1 authored infusion

  Needs: Glass teapot

  Open in the brew assistant

• Western brewing (teapot or mug)

  1.5–2.5 g/100 ml · 90–95 °C · 2 authored infusions

  Needs: Western teapot

  Open in the brew assistant

• Flash-chilled iced tea

  3–4.5 g/100 ml · 92–98 °C · 1 authored infusion

  Needs: Glass teapot

  Open in the brew assistant

Common mistakes

• Too much leaf for the vessel — the balls expand dramatically
• Paying a high-mountain premium without a named mountain on the packet

When the cup goes wrong

Written against oolong as a category rather than against this tea in particular, and worked back from the symptom to the likely causes in order. 18 apply to the category; the first 6 are shown.

• Every infusion in my gongfu session tastes the same — The cups are pleasant and interchangeable, with none of the change from steep to steep the method is supposed to show.
• My clay pot has changed how the tea tastes — A tea that tasted right in porcelain comes out muted, differently scented, or carrying something that was not in the leaf.
• My cold brew tastes like faintly flavoured water — After a night in the fridge the jug is pale and tastes of very little, with none of the sweetness cold brewing is supposed to give.
• My first infusion is always the worst one — The opening cup is thin, dusty or flat, and the second is markedly better — consistently, across different teas.
• My gaiwan is too hot to hold — The rim and lid become uncomfortable within seconds, the pour is rushed, and tea ends up on the tray.
• My gongfu brewing falls apart when I have guests — Sessions that work perfectly alone become chaotic with three or four people: the tea is inconsistent, the pours are rushed, and the cups arrive at different strengths and temperatures.

Every diagnosed brewing problem

If you like this

Grouped by why they were suggested, strongest reason first. Nothing here is a blended score — a suggestion appears under the best reason that exists for it, and never under a weaker one as well.

Compare this tea with another

Written comparisons

Where TeaHQ has set this tea against another in full, rather than deriving the comparison. Each one is a written page with the points of difference argued out.

• Oolong styles compared — Five oolongs across the two axes that define the category — how far oxidation ran, and how much roast followed. This is the clearest demonstration that oolong is a territory rather than a point. Put the two side by side

Where this tea is drunk

Documented practices that name this tea. Each page describes what is done and by whom, and separates what is recorded from what is repeated.

• Taiwanese tea art (chayi) — A deliberately constructed Taiwanese tea practice of the late 1970s onward, which invented the aroma cup, popularised the fairness pitcher, and built a competition-grading system that moves prices more than any tasting note does.

Journeys featuring this tea

• Discover oolong — Someone who has had one oolong and could not tell what made it an oolong.
• Gongfu for beginners — Someone with a gaiwan who wants to learn short repeated infusions without wasting good tea.
• Setting up to brew gongfu — Someone who has read about short repeated infusions and wants to know what to buy and which teas repay it.

Guides covering this tea

• Oxidation level does not set the brewing temperature
• Altitude, and what it actually changes
• Altitude, place, and why the same cultivar tastes different somewhere else
• Competition tea, award stickers, and what a ranked lot actually is