Anise vs fennel

Two Apiaceae seeds with the same aniseed flavour, sold beside each other and used in different halves of the world. One is sweeter and larger; the other is more concentrated.

botanical

What is being compared

Why these get confused

Both are called aniseed in different places, and star anise — an unrelated tree fruit — is called it too.

Point by point

AspectAniseFennel seed
The plantPimpinella anisum, whose origin GRIN records only as probably Asian.Foeniculum vulgare, native across the Mediterranean and western Asia.
AppearanceSmall pale ridged seeds, easily mistaken for fennel at a glance.Plumper, greener when fresh, and noticeably larger.
FlavourPurer and more concentrated aniseed with less green behind it.Clearly aniseed and sweet, with a softer finish.
PreparationSteeped or lightly crushed; it gives up quickly.The same, and both benefit from light crushing.
Where it belongsMediterranean baking, and distilled into arak, ouzo and pastis.South Asian mukhwas, and infusions across Europe and the Middle East.
Naming troubleGRIN lists 'sweet-cumin' among its English names, which is neither sweet nor cumin.Confused with anise, dill seed and caraway on any spice shelf.

The short answer

For a drink, fennel is the more forgiving and the easier to buy. Anise is the one a Mediterranean recipe usually means, and it is stronger than its size suggests.

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